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 Regions and Cities
Tashkent
Last Updated: 02/29/00 Tashkent is capital of the country and of Tashkent Oblast. The population is 2,120,000 (1991 estimate). Located in an oasis near the Chirchiq River in a cotton- and fruit-growing region, Tashkent is a major industrial and transportation center and is the largest city in the Central Asia. It has industries producing machinery, cotton and silk textiles, chemicals, tobacco products, and furniture. A center of Uzbek culture, Tashkent has several libraries and is the seat of the Uzbek Academy of Sciences and numerous other academic institutions. Bukhara
Last Updated: 02/29/00  Bukhara, a city in Uzbekistan, in Central Asia, and the capital of Bukhara region.The city is situated in an irrigated oasis on the Shakhrud Canal, in the valley of the Zeravshan River. An 8-mile (13-km) rail spur connects old Bukhara with the newer rail town of Kagan (formerly, Novaya Bukhara, or New Bukhara). Kagan is on the main line that links Tashkent with Krasnowodsk.History The date of the founding of Bukhara, one of Central Asia's oldest cities, is not known. The city is first mentioned in Chinese chronicles of the 5th century. When the Arabs arrived in the 7th century to introduce Muslim culture, they found a thriving trade center on the Silk Road from China. Bukhara became a center of Muslim learning under the Persian Samanid dynasty in the 10th century. The city was destroyed by Genghis Khan in 1220. Later rebuilt, it had another period of prosperity in the 16th century under the Shaybanids. As maritime routes replaced the old caravan trails, Bukhara declined, and its emir accepted Russian suzerainty in 1868. After the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, the old emirate existed for a short while as a Soviet republic (1920–1924) before it was carved up among the new ethnic republics of Turkmenia, Uzbekistan, and Tadzhikistan. Population: 249,600 (1991 est.). Economy Bukhara's economy, long restricted to the processing of cotton, natural silk, and fruits grown in the surrounding oasis, was revolutionized in the mid-1950s after the discovery of vast deposits of natural gas in the nearby desert. The city became a supply and service center for the newly developed gas fields. The city's agriculturally related industries include cotton processing and the preparation of karakul skins, obtained from the karakul breed of sheep raised in the desert. Bukhara has long been famous for handicrafts, including the weaving of colorful silk fabrics and the working of gold and copper into ornaments. The city also gave its name to Bokhara rugs, which were actually made by Turkomans (Turkmen) but were assembled at and shipped from Bukhara. The City Today The old part of Bukhara, containing most of the city's historic buildings, consists of narrow, winding, unpaved alleys lined with houses of sun-dried brick. Sanitary conditions have improved since a municipal water system replaced polluted open-air water tanks. The newer section of the city contains government buildings, a theater, a teachers college, and a museum. The oldest preserved building is the mausoleum of Ismail Samani, an early Bukhara ruler of the Samanid dynasty. It dates from the 10th century. It is built with decorative firebrick, a material also used in the construction of the 12th-century Kalyan (Kalan) minaret, which is about 150 feet (45 meters) high. Criminals were reputed to have been thrown to their death from this minaret. The Ulugbek (Ulugh Beg) madrasa, dating from 1418, is the oldest Muslim school of Central Asia. Many monuments and buildings located in the city date from the 16th century, when Bukhara flourished as the capital of the Shaybanid dynasty. They include the Kukelbash madrasa (1509), which is Central Asia's largest madrasa, and the complex formed by the Kalyan mosque and the 16th-century Mir-i-Arab madrasa. A domed bazaar also dates from the 16th century. |
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